Answer:
DNA vaccines consist of DNA vectors or plasmids (small double-stranded DNA rings originally derived from bacteria, but unable to cause infection) into which the genes encoding one or more immunizing proteins of the infectious agent have been inserted causing the disease to be prevented.
Explanation:
Vectors are the functional unit of naked DNA vaccines. Genes that encode the proteins of interest and are of bacterial origin are inserted into these vectors. Bacterial plasmids are circular DNA molecules that self-replicate extrachromosomally in bacteria. The genes encoded in these plasmids are under the control of promoters, almost always of viral origin. When a plasmid is introduced into the cell it translocates to the nucleus, where transcription of the transgene begins; the transcripts are then taken to the cytoplasm and translated there. The newly synthesized proteins are degraded in the proteasome to 8-10 amino acid peptides, which are transported to the endoplasmic reticulum. Peptides of high affinity with their respective MHC I molecule stabilize and enter the secretory pathway, thus reaching the cell surface, where they are coupled with the T-lymphocyte receptor (TcR) present on the surface of T lymphocytes cytotoxic drugs (CD8 +) to induce their activation.
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Answer: It shows the distribution of the population with respect to a characteristic, quantitative and continuous, such as the weight or height of a population. It is used to determine the degree of homogeneity of the values studied, or to see the degree of variability, and therefore, the dispersion of all the values taken by the parts.
Explanation:
A histogram is a graphical representation of a variable using bars. In such a bar, <u>its area is proportional to the frequency of the values represented</u>. Thus, it shows the distribution of the population, or of the sample, with respect to a characteristic, quantitative and continuous, such as the weight or height of a population. It is used to determine the degree of homogeneity of the values studied, or to see the degree of variability, and therefore, the dispersion of all the values taken by the parts.
In order to construct a histogram first we need to have a frequency table with all the information. On the abscissa axis (horizontal axis) the intervals are placed from smallest to largest. On the ordinate axis (vertical axis), the absolute frequencies of each of the intervals are represented. Then, the rectangular bars of equal width are drawn, and the height represents the absolute frequency. All bars touch the bars next to each other, unless an interval has zero frequency (the height of the bar will also be zero).
<u>Thus, histograms are used to describe populations since they represent a variable and in what proportion of the population it is found.</u>
<span>Two locations can differ in their food, religion, customers, based on their heritage. Much of the time, the history of a nation often determines where it stands today. Examples include Great Britain. A nation that always had a singular ruler and even in today's age, there is a King and Queen, something that is not often seen among other nations.</span>
