Answer: TRUE
<span>"Externality" is the term which is used to describe an unintended side effect that affects a third party that had no involvement in the activity that caused the side effect. The side effect is called a positive externality if it benefits the third party, while it is called a negative externality if it is harmful to the third party.</span>
The holy roman emperor (Henry IV) wanted to make the church independent from secular rulers so he banned the practice of Lay Investiture. The pope (Gregory VII) excommunicated him and went to find a new emperor when Henry IV confessed to him he was a sinner and Gregory forgave him. But Henry was so butt hurt about it that he sent to roman military to kill the pope.
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The turkish leader who overturned prewar institutions and values was a mustafa kemal
The Berlin Conference of 1884<span>–85, also known as the Congo Conference (German: Kongokonferenz) or West Africa Conference (Westafrika-Konferenz), regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power. SOURCE: GOOGLE. </span>