Answer:
Ashing process is done to evaluate the ash content present in petroleum or other proucts, so that they can be used for certain applications
The two major types of ashing process that includes dry ashing and wet ashing and can be performed using microwave systems or conventional means.
a. errors made in the preceding method while determining the ash content of buttermilk by conventional dry ashing are as following:
- Buttermilk should not immediatly put into muffle immediatley, it should be boiled first to avoid splatter.
- Temperature should be between 500 to 600 degree celcius at high temperature teh ash content can be loss.
- The sample should be ashed for 12-18 hrs
, more than this can damage the required ash content.
- platinum tip should be used in place of stainless steel because platinum has a lower concomitant tip impedance than stainless stell, so less reactive to ash.
- The ash should put in dessicator and not allow to kept in open because ash can react with the humidity in teh atmosphere.
b. The result that occur due to above errors such as the temperature, time, tongs and leaving ash in open will manipulate the final ash content and its application can be harmful for humans and for other purpose if it will be used.
Answer:
(d). B-cells.
Explanation:
Adaptive immunity can be described as immunity which develops in response to exposure to a pathogen (or foreign molecule). throughout the life. It is divided into two types, humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.
Humoral immunity is mediated by B cells that secrete antibodies against particular antigens. These antibodies recognize and neutralize the antigens and activate cell-mediated immunity, which is mediated by T cells.
Thus, the correct answer is option (d).
The efficiency indicates the manner in which the inputs are used by the system. Being efficient means the system uses inputs in a `right' way. If the input-output ratio is adverse, we say that the system is inefficient though it produces the desired output.
The muscle system for a boy and a girl are the same. They can perform and respond in the same manner. The difference only occurs in the development of muscle mass, where men can develop more muscle mass than female. This difference is brought by the type of activities that the two sexes engage in. Muscle group development can be altered by a person’s current exercise program and way of life.
