In C4 plants, photosynthesis is compartmentalized into two; light-dependent stage and light independent stage. The light-dependent stage occurs in the mesophyll cells of the leaf. Here, CO2 is fixed into oxaloacetate by PEP carboxylase enzyme. The oxaloacetate is then converted to malate that is then transported to bundle-sheath cells (around the leaf veins). The CO2 is then released from the malate and the gas molecule is subsequently fixed by RuBiSCO like in C3 plants. The biggest advantage of C4 photosytheis is that the wasteful process of photorespiration is greatly reduced.
The landscape in which limestone is eroded to form deep valleys and cavers are called Karst landscape or karst topography. This kind of development start occuring whenever the acidic water starts breaking down the bedrocks near the cracks. As the bedrock starts breaking down slowly, the cracks start to open up creating bigger holes. with passage of time the holes will become big enough to create an underground drainage system for the surface water to flow and form underneath. If the water is unable to flow out and becomes stagnant, then the Karst will start getting bigger.
Answer:
Biochemistry is the branch of science that explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms. ... Biochemistry focuses on processes happening at a molecular level. It focuses on what's happening inside our cells, studying components like proteins, lipids and organelles.