Dred Scott Vs. Stanford case was heard in Supreme court of US which issued its final ruling saying that Africans whether free or slaves were not the citizens of US.
Explanation:
Dred Scott who is a plaintiff and a slave was bought by John Emerson in Missouri. Later Emerson came along with Dred Scott to Illinois where Scott married and as they were returning to Missouri, Emerson died. Now Dred Scott decided to sue for his freedom in the federal court. He claimed he was free as he lived in the free state.
Robert Taney who was the chief justice issued the land mark decision that African american though free or slave were not the citizen of US and hence Dred Scott had no right to sue in the federal court. Dred Scott lost his case and this ruling was condemned universally as one of the racism based verdicts which paved way for the amendments of the statutes pertaining to the rights of African Americans.
The Indian Removal Act took place in the first half of the 1800s under the presidencies of Andrew Jackson and Martin van Buren and directly led to the Trail of Tears, which resulted in the death of many members of tribes in the American South. It was considered controversial because the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the tribes' cause wherein the state of Georgia (which was actively seeking to evict the Indian inhabitants) was told it had no right to force their removal. Nevertheless, the president ordered their removal.
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African Americans had to pay a tax in order to vote. They also had to take a literacy test to see if they could read but they failed it anyway so they could not vote. The Grandfather Clause states that their grandfather could not be slave in order to vote. But slavery had ended a few years back which made most not being a able to vote.
