9.) 3
10.) 1
11.) x-axis
12.) 4
13.) y-axis
Answer: independent variables cause the effect measured in the dependent variables
Step-by-step explanation: In a causal - comparative study, the dependent variables refers to the variable whose changes is being measured or observed. The changes or alteration of the dependent variable is induced by the different values of the independent variable. In causal - comparative study, the different independent variables is assumed to have a direct impact on the output or values of the dependent variable which is measured by the experimenter. Therefore, the independent variable does not change, but causes the observed changes noticed in the dependent variable.
Answer:
7 units
Step-by-step explanation:
=7
