To answer your first question, social darwinism is a theory that supports the rich getting richer. Republican party is based around this theory. Since they believe that those who are the fittest get the money, there is no reason to help the poor, because that is their fault. We can also attach to this the theory of mercantilism where everyone get what they truly deserve. On the other hand, social gospel movement is a christian movement that wanted to help the poor based on christian values. This movement applied christian ethics to social problems such as poverty, delinquency, racism, child labor and so on.
Based on historical perspective, the Radical Reconstructionists attempted to maintain political and congressional control by <u>"override President's vetoes and pass the Civil Rights Act and the bill to extend the Freedmen's Bureau."</u>
During the Reconstruction era, after the end of the American Civil War, between 1863 to 1877, the Radical Reconstructionists ensured that they maintained political and congressional control. This situation occurred despite President Andrew Johnson being a southern Jacksonian Democrat.
Subsequently, the political and social impact this situation had on the southern states was that the southern states were placed under military control, and there were restrictions on political and voting rights for ex-Confederate civil officials and military officers.
Also, congress passed the 14th and 15th Amendments which granted equal protection under the law and banned voting discrimination regardless of race.
Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the Reconstruction era was a significant period in the history of the United States.
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