Answer:
Because older cultures of gram-positive bacteria tend to lose their ability to retain crystal-violet in the peptidoglycan of their cell walls and can be confused with gram-negative bacteria.
Explanation:
Gram staining is used to differentiate between two major groups of bacteria. Gram-positive and gram-negative, these bacteria differ in the amount of peptidoglycan in their cell walls. Gram-positive bacteria have a higher amount of peptidoglycan, which absorbs the violet crystal complex used in gram staining, staining them purple/violet. Old cultures of gram-positive bacteria tend to lose the ability to retain the violet crystal and are stained by safranine, staining them red/pink and appear to be gram-negative.
Pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase catalyze reactions of gluconeogenesis that bypass the reaction of glycolysis that is catalyzed by pyruvate kinase.
<h3>Gluconeogenesis:</h3>
The tissues of some organs, including the brain, the eye, and the kidney, use glucose as their primary or only source of metabolic fuel. Glycogen stores become exhausted during a protracted fast or intense exercise, and glucose must be created from scratch to keep blood glucose levels stable. The process through which glucose is created from non-hexose precursors such glycerol, lactate, pyruvate, and glucogenic amino acids is known as gluconeogenesis.
Glycolysis is effectively reversed during glucose synthesis. However, gluconeogenesis makes use of four distinct enzymes to skip the three highly exergonic (and essentially irreversible) phases of glycolysis. The pyruvate carboxylase, PEP carboxykinase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, and glucose 6-phosphatase enzymes are specific to gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis can only take place in particular tissues because these enzymes are not found in all cell types. In humans, the liver and, to a lesser extent, the renal cortex are the primary locations for gluconeogenesis.
Learn more about Gluconeogenesis here:
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Answer:
cell membrane
Explanation:
There are thousands of proteins embedded in the cell's lipid bilayer
Biological systems do not contradict the second law of thermodynamics. Even in this case, entropy is still always increasing. Biological systems can only decrease their own entropy by using copious amounts of energy and by increasing entropy in their surrounding environment. Also, unfavorable anabolism reactions are always paired with more favorable reactions, such as the use of ATP in order to make the overall Gibb's free energy of the reaction negative.
-3x + 3(2x - 6) = 6
-3x +6x - 18 = 6
3x - 18 = 6
3x = 6 + 18
3x = 24
x = 8
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