Eastern merchants banded together to reject the barter economy in Europe
C - Because by saying "Disregard for Human Begins" Is stating that they don't care for the people or they're concerns.
I'm not completely sure of this since there is no given dates or country, but it may be the Civil War Conscription Laws.
The answer is bankers, I'm pretty sure.
B. Enlightenment
I say this because many of the ideas of the Declaration of Independence come from enlightenment thinkers, and philosophers.
For example,
John Locke was one of the philosophers that introduced the idea of social contract, and the idea of natural rights.