A. Urban II
These incursions prompted the emperor of Byzantium, Alexius I Comnenus to send a delegation to Piacenza, Italy, asking Pope Urban II in March 1095 for help against the Turks. On November 27, 1095, in Clermont, France, Pope Urban II called for a crusade to help the Byzantines and to free the city of Jerusalem.
1492 is the correct answer.
There are 27 grievances in total if I remember correctly. Some of them include: the unfair taxes on goods, the British Parliament passed laws that were deemed unfair, the colonists had no say in the Parliament, the colonists were not allowed to sell any goods to any other country other than Britain.
The Olive Branch petition, was an attempt to give colonists some rights while staying loyal to the British crown.