<u>Answer:
</u>
Punishment is either creating a negative stimulus after a given behavior or taking away a positive stimulus after a given behavior.
<u>Explanation:</u>
- In order to ensure desired behavior from an individual, he is offered a positive stimulus of a certain kind that encourages him to keep doing good. If the individual, even after having given a positive stimulus, behaves in an undesired manner, the positive stimulus is taken away as a punishment.
- On the other hand, if a person commits wrong intentionally, a negative stimulus is created for him as a punishment so as to make him remember that he should not commit any wrong intentionally.
Both because it changer do to lower temperatures and higher pressures.
The answer is "d. a measure of absolute deprivation".
Poverty can be and
is estimated by various methods by governments, global associations, policy creators
and experts. Progressively, poverty
is comprehended as multidimensional involving social, normal and monetary
variables arranged inside more extensive socio-political procedures. The
abilities approach likewise contends that capturing the view of needy
individuals is crucial in comprehension and estimating poverty.
Answer:
3). No, this does not need to be reported since it is unrelated to participation in the study.
Explanation:
As per the question, the given event must not be reported to IRB as 'the subject's heart attack, hospitalization, or recovery is not affiliated to his/her participation in the study'. The study aimed to assess the subject's attitudes towards hygiene or disease prevention which has no relation to a sudden heart attack of any of the subject. Thus, this would neither affect the results of the study nor its validity and hence, <u>option 3</u> is the correct answer.
