Explanation:
The quantity of energy decreases down each trophic level as only 10% of the energy at the upper level is transferred to the next level, the remaining 90% is lost as heat during metabolic process. Through the energy pyramid we can explain how energy is lost at each trophic level, the number of consumer at each trophic level that will benefit from the transfer of energy depends on the size and quality of the energy from the autotrophs
The answer is K-selected.
<span>The population size of K-selected species is fairly constant
in time, unlike the population size of r-selected species. r-selected species
are usually bellow carrying capacity and the population size is density
independent. On the contrary, K-selected species are usually near or at
carrying capacity and the population size is density dependent. It can be concluded that sperm whales have K-selected populations, since they </span><span>maintain their populations close to carrying capacity.</span>
<span>Algae is a prime example of a pioneer species that would be found where a glacier has retreated, because the glacial retreat allows for its growth. This process is called succession and usually starts with lichen, an relative of algae. Lichen grows on bare rock which is left behind. Afterwards, acids produced in this environment cause dirt and soil to be created.</span>
