Steven kept 27 paper clips for himself with means 136 paper clips are left. (163-27) now divide 136 by 8 you get 17. Each friend receives 17 paper clips.
Answer:
a) 
b) 6.84 million
c) 2028.52
d) 47 years
Step-by-step explanation:
a)Here we know standard exponential growth rate is

In this put t=0 and a(t)=6.27 million
thus we get a = 6.27 million
now 
this is equal to(in 2012)=
b)Put t = 6
we get

=6.84 million
c) 
take log both sides
we get 16.52 years
d) 
take log both sides we get 47 years to get double the current population.
(Простите, пожалуйста, мой английский. Русский не мой родной язык. Надеюсь, у вас есть способ перевести это решение. Если нет, возможно, прилагаемое изображение объяснит достаточно.)
Use the shell method. Each shell has a height of 3 - 3/4 <em>y</em> ², radius <em>y</em>, and thickness ∆<em>y</em>, thus contributing an area of 2<em>π</em> <em>y</em> (3 - 3/4 <em>y</em> ²). The total volume of the solid is going to be the sum of infinitely many such shells with 0 ≤ <em>y</em> ≤ 2, thus given by the integral

Or use the disk method. (In the attachment, assume the height is very small.) Each disk has a radius of √(4/3 <em>x</em>), thus contributing an area of <em>π</em> (√(4/3 <em>x</em>))² = 4<em>π</em>/3 <em>x</em>. The total volume of the solid is the sum of infinitely many such disks with 0 ≤ <em>x</em> ≤ 3, or by the integral

Using either method, the volume is 6<em>π</em> ≈ 18,85. I do not know why your textbook gives a solution of 90,43. Perhaps I've misunderstood what it is you're supposed to calculate? On the other hand, textbooks are known to have typographical errors from time to time...