George Washington was against the formation of and participation in political parties because he truly believed in Unity.
From his perspective Unity, and not Division, was the key for a democratic republic to survive. He really thought that political parties would have negative effects because they would divide and destroy the United States.
And that's the main reason why throughout his political life until his death, he was sure political parties were not needed because the country could and should function without them.
"b. They opposed them by <span>charging that they were unconstitutional" is the best option since this group considered the acts to be a serious violation of their rights as citizens, even in times of war.</span>
