The elements that have the same valence are, mainly, in the same principal groups (principal columns) of the periodic table.
The principal columns are 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18.
For example:
1) the elements with valence 1+ are in the first column:H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr.
2) The elements with valence 2+ are in the second column: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra.
3) The elements with valence 2- are in the column 16: O, S, Se, Te, Pb
But also those elements may have other valences: S, Se and Te, have also valences 2, 4 and 6. And Pb have valences 2 and 4.
4) The elements with valences 1-, 1, 3, 5 and 7 are in the column 17: Cl, Br, I, At.
F, the first element of group 16, has valence 1- and 1+
The equation is not a transmutation because there is conservation of the number of atoms as well as the number of nucleons; option C.
<h3>What is transmutation?</h3>
Transmutation refers to the artificial synthesis of new elements by a nuclear reaction of the original element and nuclear particles.
In transmutation, a new element is formed and the atomic number changes.
Based on the above, it can be concluded that the given equation is not a transmutation because there is no change in atomic and nucleon number.
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Answer:
On Earth, gamma waves are generated by nuclear explosions, lightning, and the less dramatic activity of radioactive decay.
The pH of the solution is used to estimate the acidic and the alkaline condition. The pH paper can be used to determine the conditions. The compound with pH 13.3 is basic.
<h3>What is pH?</h3>
The concentration of the hydrogen or the hydroxide ion in the water gives the estimate of the pH. The potential and the amount of hydrogen decide the acidic and the basic compound.
The pH scale ranges from 0-14 where the scale of 0-6 is acidic, 7 is neutral and 8-14 is basic. If the substance shows a pH of 13.3 then it will lie in the basic range.
Therefore, the compound with a pH of 13.3 is basic.
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