Answer:
NADP is the cofactors in photosynthesis which loses electrons,becomes reduced(NADPH) in photosynthesis. It transfer electrons in reduced form(NADPH) into the stroma of the chloroplast. The H is splits into e- and H+
These electrons for the ETC chains, generates the PMF for pumping H+ as protrons into the thylakoid intramembranes.
Outer membrane covers the intramembrane space, between these two membranes layers. The protons in the intramembrane space generate the electrochemical gradient for the supply of the energy used by ATPase synthase for ATP synthesis from phosphorylation with ADP.
The chloroplast is made up of both the outer and inner membrane,separated by the intramembrane space. The walls of the intramembrane space is guided by the outer envelope.
Therefore with the outer envelope removed, the intramembrane is exposed,more protons(H+) are released, but can not be held in the outer envelope to form electrochemical gradients,beacause the intramembrane space is now permable.
Thus the rate of reduction of DCPIP is faster.The color changes to colorless increases when reduced , from blue color.
Explanation:
<span>Gene
expression is taking place when chromatin is less condensed. Highly compacted
chromatin is not accessible to the enzymes involved in DNA transcription,
replication and repair because transcription is being inhibited or inactive. Therefore,
looser configuration permits transcription or gene expression to take place. </span>
PROS: It dissolves in water and lowers the freezing point of water so a lower temperature is required for ice to form. This makes the road less treacherous for vehicles. Road salt is usually cheap and readily available. Since salt is already a constituent of sea water, it does not cause pollution when washed away.
CONS: Salt dissolved in water is corrosive to metal. A metalled road surface may eventually be attacked by the corrosive, leading to damage of the surface. The salt solution is splashed on to the bodies and into the engine parts of vehicles and, unless properly protected, the metal parts of the vehicle will become corroded. Salt solution is a good conductor of electricity so it could under certain circumstances affect the electrical circuits within vehicles. When the salt solution dries out it leaves a deposit of white salt on the surface. The spreading of road salt is often carried out by specially equipped vehicles, so there is a cost incurred in salt spreading. Usually salt is mixed with grit.
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