A rapid lateral flow immunoassay is presented that uses carboxyl-modified superparamagnetic nanoparticles as labels that can be quantified by highly sensitive multi-channel electronic readers. The approach is generic in that it is likely to be applicable to numerous small molecules. The method permits both single- and multiplex assays at a point-of-need without sample pretreatment. It is user-friendly and offers attractive characteristics demonstrated here for detection of morphine, fentanyl and methamphetamine in . The competitive immunoassay uses commercially available reagents that do not require special permissions. After migration of sample, the lateral flow test strips are subjected to an alternating magnetic field at two frequencies. The response from the nanolabels is readout at a combinatorial frequency from the entire volume of a porous immunochromatographic membrane by the magnetic particle quantification technique.
application to the determination of drugs of abuse.
Estimating the detection time of a drug in urine is complex because of many different influencing factors and the lack of experimental data. Detection times vary depending on dose and route of administration, metabolism and characteristics of the screening and confirmation assays. Using a cut-off value of 1000 ng/mL, urinary samples can be positive for amphetamine for up to 5 days after intake of the drug.
Answer:
Mutualism
Explanation:
This question showcases the interaction of two different species of monkeys sharing the same area in the forest. The interaction between them is MUTUALISM, which is the relationship between two organisms where both organisms benefits from such relationship. In the question, both monkey species benefits.
The larger monkey species benefits by being helped to climb trees and knock down food from tall branches of trees while the smaller species benefits by being protected from predators by the larger species.
Birds have inspired flight and horses of inspired locomotis and cars yet none of today’s transportation vehicles for symbol medal skeletons of living breathing self replicating animals. However they do succeed in lifting of the ground in the same function as a bird, as well as the landing.
Answer:
All the wavelengths can not reach the earth's surface always.
Explanation:
Most of the time the atmosphere absorbs the Infrared radiation from the space. For this reason, infrared radiation can not reach the earth always. It is basically absorbed by the Co2 and water vapor present in the atmosphere.
