True, to perform ABG punctures, a phlebotomist must undergo extensive training.
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What is an ABG test?</h3>
- An blood gas (ABG) test measures the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in your blood as well your blood's pH balance.
- Arterial blood gas tests can help healthcare providers interpret conditions that affect your respiratory system, cardiovascular system and metabolic processes (how your body transforms the food you eat into energy), especially in emergency situations.
- There’s also a test referred to as a "blood gas analysis," which uses a sample of blood from anywhere in your cardiovascular system (artery, vein or capillary).
- An blood gas (ABG) test only tests a blood sample from an artery in your body.
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Answer:
Antibiotic resistance can evolved in bacterial population in the following ways:
Explanation:
- In response to constant exposure to antibiotics some members of a bacterial population develop some beneficial mutations in some essential genes that gives them survival advantage in terms of food and space over the sensitive bacterial strains and hence they are capable of out-competing the sensitive bacteria.
- This happens due to the process of Natural Selection.
- These genes are called antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria usually carry them on plasmids in form of cassettes where genes resistant to multiple drugs are incorporated. These plasmids are called the MDR or Multi-Drug Resistance Plasmids.
- These resistant plasmids can be easily transferred among bacterial populations by conjugation, transformation or transduction or direct plasmid transfer.
- The resistant genes encode for proteins that render the drug ineffective by promoting their efflux from the cells, preventing their entry into the cell, chemically modifying them such that they become non-functional or altering the target site of the drug.
Answer:
Changes in gene expression
Explanation:
This phenomenon is the result of changes in gene expression. That means, how the information in the DNA is used by the cell. The genes that are active in the cells of the brain will be very different from the genes that are active in the cells of the bone marrow.
These patterns of gene expression are different for each cell, and dictate the identity of that cell. Gene expression patterns are controlled by a variety of factors in the cell that allow tissue-specific expression, such a transcription factors.
This can also be facilitated by another layer of regulation called epigenetics, which literally means "on top of" genetics, and refers to modifications of DNA (and the proteins around it), that can reflect and influence the activity of the genes within.
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and duplicate within a bacterium. Temperate phages (such as lambda phage) can keep reproducing using both the lytic and the lysogenic cycle.
SO.... Bacteriophages
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