Question

1. Which of the following lists structures from smallest to largest?

Answer 1

The correct options are as follows:
1. C.
The double helix, the neucleosome, the coil, supercoil and the chromosomes are all related to DNA although they differ in sizes. The neucleosome refers to a unit of eukaryotic chromosome, which is made up of a length of DNA coiled around histones. Coil and supercoils refers to the structures derived from the wrapping and folding of DNA structure. The chromosome is the the thread like structure composed of nucleic acid, which is found in the nucleus of living organisms.

 2. B.
Mitosis is a type of cell division in which two identical daughter cells are formed from a single parent cell. The process is divided into five stages, which are intephase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. The G2 phase of mitosis refers to the second subphase of interphase. At this stage, the cell is preparing for mitosis by continuing to grow and producing new proteins.

3. The correct option is D.
The interphase stage of mitotic cell division is made up of G1, S and G2 phases. In G1 phase, the cell increase in size, produce RNA and synthesize proteins. DNA replication occurs during the S phase. During the G2 phase, the cell continue to produce new proteins in preparation for cell division.

4. The correct option is C.
At the metaphase stage, the cell chromosomes allign in the middle of the cell while the centrosomes prepare to separate the sister chromatids. The metaphase stage is the shortest stage in the cell cycle division, it only take about 4% of the time required to complete a whole cell cycle.

Answer 2

1. The smallest structure is the double helix while the largest is the chromosome.

2. G2 phase is the third stage in cellular division wherein the cell prepares itself for the M phase.

3. Interphase comprises of 3 phases, namely, G1 phase, G2 phase, and S phase.

4. Metaphase is known to take less amount of time to complete.

Explanation:

1. The double helix of the DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid, nucleosome, coil, supercoil, and the chromosomes are all linked to the DNA and they vary in their sizes. The nucleosome is known to be the basic unit of the eukaryotic chromosome that is composed of DNA coiled around the histones. The supercoils and coils indicate to the structures which are derived from the folding as well as wrapping of the structure of the DNA. The chromosome refers to the thread-like structure which is made up of nucleic acid and is observed in the nucleus of the living organisms.

2. Cell cycle refers to the cellular division of the cell; it is the series of events which occurs within a cell that results in duplication of the DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid as well as division of the cytoplasm and other organelles in order to generate two daughter cells. This cycle comprises of 4 phases, namely, G1, S, G2, and M phase.

The cell enters the G1 phase wherein the cell synthesizes the proteins as well as mRNA or messenger ribonucleic acid in preparation for the next upcoming phases which lead to mitosis. Next stage is the S phase wherein the synthesis of DNA takes place.

G2 phase is the next phase wherein the cell prepares itself by allowing it to grow as well as generate new proteins needed for the next phase called M phase. Mitosis is the final stage wherein the two identical daughter cells are made from one parent cell.

3. The cell cycle is broadly segregated into 3 phases, namely, interphase, M phase, and cytokinesis. Interphase is the longest stage of the cellular cycle and it comprises of 3 phases, G1 phase, S, and G2 phase. There is a G0 phase or quiescent phase. During the G1 phase, the cell prepares itself for the next phases of cell cycle, S phase involves synthesis of DNA, and G2 is the production of new proteins needed for the M phase.

4. During the mitotic phase, the parental cell segregates and produces 2 identical daughter cells. This phase is further segregated into prophase followed by metaphase, anaphase, and finally telophase. During metaphase, the chromosomes align themselves onto the equatorial or metaphase plate and the centrosomes prepare to segregate the sister chromatids. This phase takes only about 4% of the time needed to finish the entire cell cycle.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High school

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Genes and genetics

Keywords:

Chromosome, DNA, nucleotides, nucleosome, coil, supercoil, size, double helix, histones, cell cycle, cell division, m phase, mitosis, interphase, G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, DNA, RNA, mRNA, proteins, mitosis, metaphase, prophase, telophase, anaphase, metaphase plate, sister chromatids, daughter cells.