Answer:
Athlete's foot is a fungal infection that affects the upper layer of the skin of the foot, especially when it is warm, moist, and irritated. It is as also known as tinea pedi and ringworm of the foot. The fungus that causes athlete's foot is called Trichophyton and is commonly found on floors and in clothing
"Gene families are groups of <span>homologous </span>genes that arose by gene duplication and sequence evolution."
Gene families are groups of various similar genes that are originated mostly by duplication, but also by evolution and relocation. These genes are distributed<span> into families taking into account shared nucleotide or protein sequences. </span>
Answer:
X-Chromosomes.
Explanation:
Characters determined by a gene located on only the X-chromosome are said to be sex-linked. Such traits show a different pattern of inheritance in males and females. For example, a recessive allele on the X-chromosome
• would be masked in a female if the corresponding allele on the other X-chromosome is dominant;
• would always be expressed in a male because the Y-chromosome does not have a corresponding(active) allele.
Thus, the female may posses a homozygous or heterozygous allelic pair for a sex-linked character, but a male will only have one allele for it.
It’s capsule .............
Answer:
Helper T cells are arguably the most important cells in adaptive immunity, as they are required for almost all adaptive immune responses. They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.
Explanation:
Helper T cells become activated when they are presented with peptide antigens by MHC class II molecules, which are expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Once activated, they divide rapidly and secrete cytokines that regulate or assist the immune response.
