During telophase, the nuclear envelope reform.
Identical and obviously duplicated gene sequences have gotten from one chromosome to another by chromosomal translocation.
In terms of genetics, a translocation takes place when chromosome fragments and the (often two) fragmented portions reassociate with other chromosomes. For the diagnosis of several genetic diseases and syndromes, the finding of chromosomal translocations can be crucial.
Multigene families are groups of related or identical genes that have developed by gene duplication. It is thought that a single ancestral gene was duplicated and varied to create multigene families. The multigene families that code for actins, hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, tubulins, interferons, histones, etc. are a few examples.
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The type of hormone, such as the steroid, which passes directly through the cell membrane to nuclear receptors to cause changes in gene expression within the cell, is known as hydrophobic.
Hydrophobic steroid hormones are transported in the circulation, largely bound to plasma carrier proteins. Steroids are overall hydrophobic because of they have common tetracyclic hydrocarbon core.
Hence, the steroid hormones are lipid-soluble in hydrophobic environments and they able to pass through the cell membrane of cell. Steroid hormones have the ability bind with receptors and change their structure and causing that complex to easily pass into the nucleus in order to alter or change gene expression.
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