The Patriots had more supplies, could get supplies easier, had a home court/familiar territory advantage, and had more motivation. The British had less supplies, had to ship supplies overseas, were unfamiliar with the territory/far from home, and had little motivation. The patriots won because of their surplus in supplies, the British lost because they ran out of supplies.
Answer:
We must declare to all European powers that any attempt on their part to extend their system into North or South America will be seen as dangerous to our peace and safety
Explanation:
The purpose of the document was an attempt to resist the expansion of the government system at all cost.
Let me handle your first question -- always good to do one question at a time here. :-)
Prior to President Theodore Roosevelt, those who preceded him in federal government had tended to side with industry leaders, expecting laborers to fall in line and do the work for the good of the companies. In 1902, when there was a particularly tense strike by coal workers, Roosevelt invited both sides (labor leaders and management leaders) to the White House to negotiate. This was an example of the way he saw the role of government leadership as "steward" to the nation, mediating on behalf of everyone's interests, not just the interests of a powerful small group. His "Square Deal" policies were aimed at making things fair and square for the general public. An example of this would be how much land was set aside under his administration as national forests, national parks, national monuments, etc. He was seeking to protect the use of the land for all Americans' interests, rather than letting corporations tear into any land or forest they wanted in order to grab natural resources.