What two things are compared when patterns of evolutionary relationships are constructed using molecular phylogenetics?

Why are shellfish population often a good indicator of water quality

Pachacha [2.7K]

"Water quality" may include the amounts of dissolved oxygen and the levels of algal growth, pollutants which may be present and the pH level. Water quality effects also which types of organisms can survive in a body of water.
Shellfish require a high level of dissolved oxygen and their abundance is an indication of good water quality. Shellfish are sensitive to changes in the ecosystem and they cannot easily escape changes in the water quality. These are one of the reasons why shellfish are good indicators of water quality.

8 0

4 years ago

The first person to use the term "atom" was _____.

Ainat [17]

Democritus is the answer

6 0

4 years ago

assume that Q is the frequency of the recessive gene R expressing y color piece and that in a isolated area 68 plants with red a

Oksi-84 [34.3K]

Explanation:

Homozygous individuals have two copies of the same allele for a gene. Homozygous dominant individuals carry two copies of the dominant allele, while homozygous recessive individuals carry two copies of the recessive allele.

Further Explanation:

DNA sets contain genes that may have different forms named alleles. DNA, which is the genotype, is transcribed into mRNA and later translated into amino acids which are connected together by rRNA to form proteins which constitute the phenotype of an organism. DNA sequence mutations form new allles, impacting the resulting mRNA, and thus the encoded protein. Within species, there may be adaptation, along with genetic drift, preferential breeding, and natural selection.

Within a population certain alleles are fixed over time. In Hardy-Weinberg-allelic frequencies, the equilibrium for a particular gene is not undergoing evolution, being stable for several generations. Mutations, during this time affect the corresponding mRNA, and thus the encoded protein. Evolution may occur within populations, along with genetic drift, selective mating, and natural selection.

Over time, certain alleles become fixed within a population. Equilibrium for a specific gene is not undergoing evolution in Hardy-Weinberg-allelic frequencies are stable for several generations. During this period, mutations do not occur within the population, this is shown as

$p^{2} + 2pq +q^{2} = 1$ ....(eqn i)

where...

p represents the dominant allele frequency

q represents the frequency of the recessive allele

q^2 = the genotypic frequency of the homozygous recessive

p^2= the genotypic frequency of the homozygous dominant

2pq= frequency of the heterozygous genotype

and simply p+q= 1 ...(eqn ii)

The allelic freq. of r is denoted by q and the allelic frequency, R is denoted by p...

The total number of individuals= 32+ 68= 100

Thus q= √ $q^{2}$ = homozygous recessive individuals (white flowers)

Since there are 32 white flowering plants , freq rr= 32÷ 100= 0.32

...thus $q^{2}$ =0.32

and q= √ $q^{2}$ = √0.32= 0.566

Learn more about mutations at brainly.com/question/4602376

Learn more about DNA and RNA at brainly.com/question/2416343?source=aid8411316

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8 0

4 years ago

What two macromolecules make up the plasma membrane?

adoni [48]

Answer:

proteins and lipids/phospholipid

8 0

3 years ago

Cyanobacteria have __________-based photosynthesis and are the only __________-producing bacteria.

Gennadij [26K]

The answer is water and the only oxygen-producing bacteria. This cyanobacterium is also known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of bacteria that acquire their energy through photosynthesis, and are the only photosynthetic prokaryotes able to provide oxygen. In oxygenic photosynthesis, water is the electron donor.

7 0

3 years ago