Answer:
sieve-tube elements, companion cells
Explanation:
Sieve-tube elements and companion cells are responsible for the movement of photosynthes through a plant.
The sieve tube elements are shorter (almost organelle-free) living cells, placed end to end, forming the sieve tubes. Their transverse cell walls are called sieve plaques that make connections between cells and through openings called sieves establish the connection between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. Each sieve is coated with calose (glucose polymer), which in winter can completely clog the vessel and then dissolve in spring. When infections occur or the vessel is parasitized, it can also be clogged with callose.
Companion cells are specialized parenchymal cells, which contain all the components that exist in living cells, including the nucleus, are the cells most closely linked to the sieved tube element. The Screened Tube Element and its companion cells are related in development, are derived from the same mother cell, and have several cytoplasmic connections to each other. Due to the many connections, the potential function of the companion cells is to release substances into the sieved tube element and, when the nucleus is absent, to include information molecules, proteins and ATP. When a screened element dies, its companion cells also die, which is a demonstration of this interdependence.
The moment it is exposed into the environment
The four important characteristics of respiratory surface are:
1. Thin walls
2. Moisture
3. Large surface area
4. Blood supply
Respiratory system or respiratory tract is divided into upper and lower tract. Upper respiratory tract includes nose and its cavities, sinuses, pharynx and the part of the larynx. Lower respiratory tract consists of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and the alveoli.
Alveoli are the ends of the respiratory tract the smallest units in it. Alveoli are small folded air sacs that are branching off from alveolar ducts and providing an extremely large surface area for the gas exchange. Gas exchange occurs thanks to small blood vessels – capillaries that surround alveoli and it occurs via the process of diffusion.
So, respiratory surface is thin membrane also known as the blood–air barrier that consists of the alveolar epithelial cells, their basement membranes and the endothelial cells of the alveolar capillaries.
Answer:
transport of protons (H+) from low concentration in the mitochondrial matrix to high concentration in the mitochondrial intermembrane space
Explanation:
atpase pump can also be called atp synthase. this enzyme catalyses atp formation from adenosine diphosphate and phosphate. it has f1, stalk and f0 components. 3 positive hydrogen ions go through to make 1 adenosine triphosphate molecule. oxidative phosphorylation has to do with the loss of electrons. there would be electrons loss from NADH to FADH2. Cytochromes carries them through different series of transferases from I to IV and while on this positive hydrogen ions are released into mitochondrial matrix
positive hydrogen ions are moved back to lumen through adenosine triphosphate channels. a process called chemiosmosis. the pro
Answer:
the population can increase rapidly when the conditions are favourable
only one parent is needed
it is more time and energy efficient as you don't need a mate
it is faster than sexual reproduction
