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Liula [17]
3 years ago
5

What are the applications of human nervous cells?

Biology
1 answer:
Andreyy893 years ago
5 0

The human body is made up of trillions of cells. Cells of the nervous system, called nerve cells or neurons, are specialized to carry "messages" through an electrochemical process. The human brain has approximately 86 billion neurons. To learn how neurons carry messages, read about the action potential.

Neurons come in many different shapes and sizes. Some of the smallest neurons have cell bodies that are only 4 microns wide. Some of the biggest neurons have cell bodies that are 100 microns wide. (Remember that 1 micron is equal to one thousandth of a millimeter!).

Neurons are similar to other cells in the body because:

Neurons are surrounded by a cell membrane.

Neurons have a nucleus that contains genes.

Neurons contain cytoplasm, mitochondria and other organelles.

Neurons carry out basic cellular processes such as protein synthesis and energy production.

However, neurons differ from other cells in the body because:

Neurons have specialize cell parts called dendrites and axons. Dendrites bring electrical signals to the cell body and axons take information away from the cell body.

Neurons communicate with each other through an electrochemical process.

Neurons contain some specialized structures (for example, synapses) and chemicals (for example, neurotransmitters).

The Neuron

neuron

One way to classify neurons is by the number of extensions that extend from the neuron's cell body (soma).

bipolar neuron

Bipolar neurons have two processes extending from the cell body (examples: retinal cells, olfactory epithelium cells).

Pseudounipolar cells (example: dorsal root ganglion cells). Actually, these cells have 2 axons rather than an axon and dendrite. One axon extends centrally toward the spinal cord, the other axon extends toward the skin or muscle.

Multipolar neurons have many processes that extend from the cell body. However, each neuron has only one axon (examples: spinal motor neurons, pyramidal neurons, Purkinje cells).

Neurons can also be classified by the direction that they send information.

Sensory (or afferent) neurons: send information from sensory receptors (e.g., in skin, eyes, nose, tongue, ears) TOWARD the central nervous system.

Motor (or efferent) neurons: send information AWAY from the central nervous system to muscles or glands.

Interneurons: send information between sensory neurons and motor neurons. Most interneurons are located in the central nervous system.

Check out the Gallery of Neurons to see some pictures of real neurons or "Sidewalk Cells" to see photographs of neurons on the street.

Hear It

"Neuron" | "Axon" | "Dendrite" |

"Nissl" | "Mitochondria" | "Endoplasmic reticulum"

There are several differences between axons and dendrites:

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Inherited defects in nucleotide excision repair are a known cause of what diseasel B) diabetes C)AIDS D) albinism E) heart disea
AleksAgata [21]

Answer:

Inherited defects in nucleotide excision repair are a known case of D) albinism

Explanation:

A defect in one of several genes that produce or distribute melanin causes albinism. The defect may result in the absence of melanin production, or a reduced amount of melanin production. The defective gene passes down from both parents to the child and leads to albinism.Since albinism results in a lack of melanin (or pigment), people with the disorder are sensitive to the sun. The particular gene mutation linked to albinism interferes with the proper development of the nerves associated with the eye as well as the retina itself.

Types of albinism are:

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) :

OCA affects the skin, hair, and eyes. There are several subtypes of OCA:  

OCA1

OCA1 is due to a defect in the tyrosinase enzyme. There are two subtypes of OCA1:

OCA1a. People with OCA1a have a complete absence of melanin. This is the pigment that gives skin, eyes, and hair their coloring. People with this subtype have white hair, very pale skin, and light eyes.

OCA1b. People with OCA1b produce some melanin. They have light-colored skin, hair, and eyes. Their coloring may increase as they age.

OCA2

OCA2 is less severe than OCA1. It’s due to a defect in the OCA2 gene that results in reduced melanin production. People with OCA2 are born with light coloring and skin. Their hair may be yellow, blond, or light brown. OCA2 is most common in people of African descent and Native Americans.

OCA3

OCA3 is a defect in the TYRP1 gene. It usually affects people with dark skin, particularly black South Africans. People with OCA3 have reddish-brown skin, reddish hair, and hazel or brown eyes.

OCA4

OCA4 is due to a defect in the SLC45A2 protein. It results in a minimal production of melanin and commonly appears in people of East Asian descent. People with OCA4 have symptoms similar to those in people with OCA2.

Ocular albinism :

Ocular albinism is the result of a gene mutation on the X chromosome and occurs almost exclusively in males. This type of albinism only affects the eyes. People with this type have normal hair, skin, and eye coloring, but have no coloring in the retina (the back of the eye).

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome :

This syndrome is a rare form of albinism that’s due to a defect in one of eight genes. It produces symptoms similar to OCA. The syndrome occurs with lung, bowel, and bleeding disorders.

Chediak-Higashi syndrome :

Chediak-Higashi syndrome is another rare form of albinism that’s the result of a defect in the LYST gene. It produces symptoms similar to OCA, but may not affect all areas of the skin. Hair is usually brown or blond with a silvery sheen. The skin is usually creamy white to grayish. People with this syndrome have a defect in the white blood cells, increasing their risk of infections.

Griscelli syndrome

Griscelli syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder. It’s due to a defect in one of three genes. There only have been 60 known casesTrusted Source of this syndrome worldwide since 1978. It occurs with albinism (but may not affect the entire body), immune problems, and neurological problems. Griscelli syndrome usually results in death within the first decade of life.

Treatment for albinism:

There’s no cure for albinism. However, treatment can relieve symptoms and prevent sun damage. Treatment may include:

sunglasses to protect the eyes from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays

protective clothing and sunscreen to protect the skin from UV rays

prescription eyeglasses to correct vision problems

surgery on the muscles of the eyes to correct abnormal eye movements

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What do phospholipids form a bilayer in water ?
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Cell memory ma dood :))))
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STOP & JOT: Parasites rarely kill their hosts right. Instead they keep them alive as long as needed. In fact, the best
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Answer:

Parasites would not want to kill their host cells immediately because they want their food source or keep getting food, not to kill their food source (host cell). Parasites live on another living host cell for their survival, they depend on host organisms to gets an energy source, without the host cell they can't live, develop and multiply.

Mostly, if the host cell dies then the parasite also can't able to grow or reproduce and it will also die. So that they don't want to kill their host's cell immediately.

3 0
3 years ago
What is the function of the structure identified by the red arrow?
Ket [755]

The structure shown by the red arrow is cell membrane.  

In biology, cell membrane refers to the thin layer, which develops the external boundary of a living cell. It has three primary functions, which are as follows:  

1. It comprises channels and receptors, which permits particular molecules like nutrients, ions, metabolic components, and wastes to pass between the cell and the outside environment.  

2. It prevents toxic components from entering the cell.  

3. They distinguish essential but incompatible metabolic procedures conducted within the cell.  


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3 years ago
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