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An artesian aquifer is a confined aquifer containing groundwater under positive pressure. An artesian aquifer has trapped water, surrounded by layers of impermeable rock or clay which apply positive pressure to the water contained within the aquifer.
A force that makes a flow of water strong or weak high/low water pressure.
The soil or rock located below the top of the groundwater table. By definition, the zone of saturation is saturated with water. Also see water table. Where raw wastewater is exfiltrating from a sewer pipe, the area of soil that is moistened around the leak point is often called the zone of saturation.
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%. Strictly speaking, some tests measure the "accessible void", the total amount of void space accessible from the surface.
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