Explanation: Transcription is a process where a DNA strand is used to make a copy of mRNA. A complementary mRNA strand is made from the DNA strand. This mRNA is then later used to make proteins. In this process the junk information, present in DNA in form of introns is also spliced.
DNA is a double stranded structure, which is present in helical structure and both the strands are twisted together. In order to make the mRNA copy with the help of the enzyme RNA polymerase, DNA must open up. Then only RNA polymerase will be able to access the nucleotides of DNA.
As lichens promote the growth of other flora and also microorganisms, it facilitates the arrival of other species that can grow over the layer that has already been formed by the facilitation of the lichen and others.
