The answer is A index fossils
I wish you added the diagram but I can tell that the long strings are the spindle fibres.
Exosphere is in the top 600-800km exosphere has a very low amount of gases almost like in outer space.
Termosphere, 80-600km absorbs gamma rays uv rays and rays that damage our healt also know as ionosphere, is the hottest one.
Mesosphere, 50-80km, the temperature here reaches -140 Celsius shooting stars are formed here
Stratosphere, 12-50km produces the mayor part of the atmospheric ozone, some army planes reach this later
Troposphere, thats the source of the mayor part of the gases here in the atmosphere.
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A disturbance would be things like lava, flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier. These are disturbances because Primary Successions happen in lifeless areas, which soil is incapable of sustaining life.