A example of judging another culture could be when a Muslim wears a Hijab in public and people automatically label them as a terrorist without facts. It can also be racist remarks. A hijab is apart of their culture, and people judge them over it.
The correct answer is that the Treaty of Torcdesilias divided the land outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal. The effect of this is that much of the New World was, by Treaty, Spain's land.