answer:
b. Only Japan industrialized as a result of foreign pressure.
Explanation:
Japan was forced to lose wars to abolish the feudal system and compete in the industrialized world. Due to early industrialization the monarchy of Japan had to prove to be flexible with the changes. However, factory workers often worked 13 hours a day without any legal rights. This was the main difference between Japanese and American industrialization.
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Explanation:
Decreased power for the scholar-gentry.
The correct answer is external criticism. The external criticism is a process in which the historian had been following during that time when he tested the accuracy of the source against other facts and information and outside data.