Answer:
Crossing over is a process in which exchange of segments occur between two non sister chromatids.
Explanation:
Crossing over is a process in which two non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange the segments of genetic material with each other during meiosis. Due to this process, variation occurs in an organism.
Independent assortment is a process in which different alleles are sorted to different gametes which occurs independently and does not effect one another. This process occurs in metaphase of meiosis l.
Joining of sex cells is a process in which sex cells of male and female join together formed a zygote which turn into a new organism. These sex cells are formed during meiosis which are haploid in nature.
Mutation and crossing over are the factors that cause inherited genetic variations within populations.
Sudden change occurs in the genes of an organism due to the exposure of the cell to radiation or chemicals.
When something needs to be transported against its concentration gradient, or a molecule is too big to simply diffuse through a membrane, active transport has to be used. So active transport requires energy (ATP).
Examples:
1. Antiport pumps: transport one substance in one direction while transporting another substance the other way. An example of this is the sodium-potassium pump.
2. Symport pumps - uses a substance that wants to move from an area of high concentration to low concentration and carries another substance against its concentration gradient. An example of this is the sodium-glucose transport protein
3. Endocytosis - large amounts of extra cellular fluid can be taken into a cell - needs ATP to bind proteins in the cell membrane and causes them to change their shape...which eventually causes the surrounding of the fluid to be brought in (a vesicle).
4.exocytosis - opposite of above
The correct answers are:
A-Chemical energy is released.
D-Thermal energy is released.
<span>The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP releases heat which means that the thermal energy is released. But, ATP has a high level of chemical potential which can be used in many cellular processes. The chemical potential of one molecule can be used to raise the chemical potential of the other and release some heat as a byproduct (for example, the phosphorylation of glucose to become glucose-6-phosphate).</span>
