D.) none of the above is human induced cause of extinction
Answer:
b. the bottleneck effect.
Explanation:
The bottleneck effect occurs when a population's size is reduced for at least one generation. This will result in a very reduced genetic variation, which can lead to further adaptation problems.
The Founder effect has its similarities (in terms of the resulting reduced genetic pool) with the bottleneck effect, BUT it occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of the original population.
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle in population genetics that states that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next IF certain conditions are present (no migration, aleatory mating, among others), so this is not the answer.
Genetic drift (refers to the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant in a population due to random sampling of organisms, so it is not the answer.
B is the answer if not B then C
Some of the key terms in community ecology are Intraspecific Interaction, interspecific interaction, competitive exclusion, mutualism.
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What is community ecology?</h3>
- Community ecology aims to provide solutions to these and other community-related concerns.
- An ecological community is a collection of organisms that coexist or may coexist in a given area. Communities are connected by a shared environment and a web of relationships between the many species.
- An ever-expanding and comprehensive area of ecology is community ecology. Ecologists look at the variables that affect species distribution, community structure, and biodiversity. Interactions with the abiotic environment and the wide variety of interactions that take place between species are two examples of these elements.
- The foundation of the majority of community ecology study is species interactions, such as competition, predation, herbivory, parasitism, and mutualism.
To learn more about community ecology with the given link
brainly.com/question/12989124
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