Question

Indicate the amount of ATP produced by each enzyme or each pathway

Answer 1

The amount of ATP production in :

Glycolysis- five ATP molecules

Citric acid cycle (TCA)- twenty ATP molecules

Further Explanation:

The glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose molecules to the three carbon containing molecules which leads to production of energy molecules used in cellular metabolism.

Glycolysis basically plays two roles:

1. Generation of ATP.

2. Formation of intermediate metabolites which can be used as the precursors for other biosynthetic pathway.

During glycolysis, two ATPs are used and four ATPs are generated which results in overall production of two ATP when one molecule is converted to two molecules of pyruvate.

Bioenergetics of glycolysis process:

1. One ATP is used in the hexokinase catalyzed reaction which converts glucose to fructose-6-phosphate.

2. One ATP is used in the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate catalyzed by phosphofructokinase.

3. Two ATPs are produced in converting two molecules of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate , the reaction which is catalyzed by the enzyme known as phosphoglycerate kinase.

4. Two molecules of ATP are produced in the conversion of two molecules of phosphoenolpyruvate to two molecules of pyruvate catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase.

5. Two molecules of NADH are produced when glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate gets converted to 1,2-bisphosphoglycerate by the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

The Citric acid cycle is the cyclic process that occurs in the matrix of mitochondria. It occurs in the aerobic respiration.

Bioenergetics of Citric acid cycle:

1. The isocitrate gets converted to α-ketoglutarate catalyzed by the isocitrate dehydrogenase. During this there is release of NADH.

2. α-ketoglutarate is then converted into succinyl-CoA, during this conversion one more NADH is produced.

3. The removal of succinyl-CoA to produce free succinate and the release of GTP, catalyzed by the enzyme succinate thiokinase.

4. Oxidation of succinate to fumarate and the release of FADH2, catalyzed by the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme.

5. Conversion of fumarate to malate by the help of the enzyme known as fumarase.

6. Oxidation of malate to oxaloacetic acid along with the production of NADH, catalyzed by the malate dehydrogenase enzyme.

NADH leads to production of three ATP and FADH2 leads to production of two ATP

Learn more:

1. Learn more about respiration brainly.com/question/543244

2. Learn more about aerobic respiration brainly.com/question/7419007

3. Learn more about cellular respiration brainly.com/question/8900186

Answer Detail:

Grade: College biology

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Respiration

Keywords:

ATP, pyruvate, hexokinase, glucose, fructose-6-phosphate, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate , 3-phosphoglycerate, phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoenolpyruvate, pyruvate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate , 1,2-bisphosphoglycerate, Mitochondria, isocitrate, α-ketoglutarate, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinyl-CoA, NADH, GTP, succinate thiokinase, fumarate, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase, oxaloacetic acid, malate dehydrogenase .

Answer 2

In glycolysis, it would make 4 ATP, but since it must give 2 back, it will make a net gain for 2 ATP. 

In the Citric Acid Cycle, it makes 2 ATP along with a few other items such as Electron Carriers.

ATP Synthase makes about 32 or 34 ATP

In the breakdown of pyruvate, each NADH produced while the pyruvates are being made into Acetyl Co-enzyme A makes 3 ATP and each FADH2 makes 2 ATP