Answer:
This is an example of amensalism (Option d).
Explanation:
The interaction between penicillium and bacteria is a typical example of amensalism.
Amensalism refers to a biological relationship established between two organisms, in which one of them avoids the growth, development, or survival of the other one. In this interaction, one of them is strongly affected by the other one, which does not seem to be affected at all. Antibiosis is referred to as amensalism interaction.
<u>Antibiosis</u> is the interaction in which one of the species secretes a chemical that kills the other species organism or inhibits its actions by causing severe damage. The organism that releases the toxic substance is called the <u>inhibitor</u>. For the inhibitor species, this relationship is neutral because it does not seem to be beneficiated or affected.
Another classic example of amensalism is those plants that secrete chemicals to damage or kill other plants that live near them. In this way, the secretory plants may live and grow with no competition.
Answer:
The map distance between sn and ct is = 25 m.u or map unit.
Explanation:
Given, sn ct+ × sn+ ct
In F1 generation the progenies were interbred.
In F2 generation,
sn ct = 13 (recombinant)
sn ct+ = 36 (parental)
sn+ ct = 39 (parental)
sn+ ct+ = 12 (recombinant)
<em>Linkage Map distance = (no. of Recombinant progeny/total progeny) </em>
<em> × 100 </em>
<em>Recombination frequency = (no. of Recombinant progeny/total progeny) </em>
<em> × 100</em>
= ( 13+ 12) /100 × 100 m.u
= 25/100 × 100
= 25 %
∴ The distance between sn and ct = 25 m.u or map unit
∴ Linkage happened between sn and ct as the map distance is much less than 50
Answer:
Genes on chromosomes
Explanation:
It has been conclusively established that chromosomes contain the hereditary material or factors that are transmitted from parent to offspring. These factors are called genes. A gene is a short portion of a DNA molecule and is chemical in nature. A gene codes for a specific protein by specifying the order in which the amino acids are linked together.
