Answer:
Punnett square is a square diagram which is used to predict the genotype of the offspring produced by particular cross.
Let P and p be the alleles of the gene responsible for the flower colors in a plant.
The genotype of both the parents is given as heterozygous that is, Pp.
Two types of gametes would be formed P and p.
The cross is shown in the image below.
The cross would be result in offspring with three types of genotypes PP, Pp and pp in 1:2:1.
Answer:
Electrical stimulation of the cell is depolarization, and electrical relaxation of cells is repolarization.
Explanation:
The electrical activity of the cell depends on the charges distributed on each side of its membrane, which depends on the presence of ions on each side, extracellular sodium and intracellular potassium.
A cell, like the neuron, at rest has a tendency to be negatively charged in its cytoplasm, while the extracellular space has a positive charge.
- Depolarization of a cell occurs by opening the sodium channels, allowing this ion to enter the cell, resulting in a difference in transmembrane potential. It is electrical stimulation of the cell.
- If the potential difference is maintained and reaches the umbral level, it produces an action potential, which in cells such as the neuron produces an electrical stimulus and in the muscle cell a contraction.
- Repolarization means the opening of potassium channels, the exit of this ion to the extracellular space and the return of the cell to rest.
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Answer:
<em> Operationalized his variables
</em>
<em> Measured his variables
</em>
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Explanation:
To define happiness, the researcher has categorized certain questions into variables ans then he measured these variables to determine happiness.
The researcher first asks a operational question whether a person is happy or not and he has categorized this question into three different levels which are happy, somewhat happy or not very happy. Then he categorizes the option to different places such as in general, at work, in social life etc.
Answer:
Explanation:
Natural selection is based on Darwin’s observation that individuals most likely to survive and reproduce are those with traits best suited to their current environment.
