The spindle gradually lenghtens during prophase.Towards the end of the prophase stage,the nuclear envelopes break down,and each of the microtubules reach from each cell pole to the cell's equator an
Answer: (c) It generates ATP, which cells can use to do work.
(d) It generates chemical gradients, which have potential energy.
Explanation:
The overall process of Cellular respiration is the aerobic break down of organic compounds (food) with the release of CO2, water and energy in form of ATP which drives most cellular work.
Organic compound + oxygen --------> carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP + heat)
In cellular respiration during the break down of food in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, chemical energy (NADH and FADH) are extracted from each cellular process and transported to the electron transport chain built in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The chemical energy harvested from food is transformed into a proton-motive force, a gradient of H+ across the membrane. When this H+ election fall from their gradient via ATP synthase, Chemiosmosis couples this proton motive force to phosphorylate ADP to form ATP.
In agroecosystems, farmers practice monoculture. It is a practice of growing one type of crop in the same field year after year. Monoculture is an attempt to check herbivores from eating crops. As a result population of herbivores get reduced from the food webs. Using different types of agro-chemicals such as insecticides, pesticides, weedicides also reduces number species. Therefore, the most unusual characteristic of food webs in agroecosystems is lack of biodiversity.
