It was "John Smith" who issued strict punishment and a system whereby colonists could be given land if they agreed to farm it in the colony of Jamestown, since Smith was known as the "savior" of the Jamestown colony in this regard.
In his Politics, Aristotle divides government into 6 kinds, 3 good and 3 bad. The good forms are monarchy, aristocracy, and polity, while the bad forms are tyranny, oligarchy, and democracy. Each of the good forms has the possibility of turning into its bad form - i.e., monarchy into tyranny, aristocracy into oligarchy.
Seeing that democracy is listed in the "bad camp", people automatically assume that Aristotle was anti-democratic. But this is an over-simplification.
By democracy, Aristotle really means mob rule. Polity corresponds more to what we'd think of as modern democracy - a stable, orderly institution that represents and protects the people. For instance, polity is what existed in Athens during its Golden Age. Aristotle didn't oppose this by any means.
Indeed, unlike his teacher Plato, who sought to create an ideal model of the state ruled by philosopher-kings, Aristotle thought that the best form of government was determined by the situation. For a virtuous people, polity could very well be the best form of government; for a subservient people (and Aristotle believed that such people existed), monarchy or tyranny might be the natural state of affairs.
The creation of the an army of Turkish warriors to help the Abbasid Caliphs secure their position ultimately led to the conversion of the Turks to Islam, and eventually giving them control over Sunni Islam.
The Abbasid Caliphs were leaders of the "Abbasid Dynasty," which is 2nd of the two great Sunni (Islam) dynasties. Meanwhile, the Seljuk Turks were nomadic people who converted to Islam. Because they were often used as military mercenaries by the Abbasid Caliphate, their power grew, eventually weakening the power of the caliphs, and giving them "control over" Sunni Islam. They revitalized Islamic laws, reorganized the institutions, and provided political stability to the empire.
This is known in history as the Civil Rights Act of 1866 where a coalition was formed by both moderate and radical republicans. In such act, it made African Americans citizens of the United States of America, including the total elimination of discrimination against African Americans.
