There are various examples of geographic isolation, including:
1. Isolation by barriers
2. Isolation by distance
3. Isolation due to an event
4. Isolation by separation
Habitat fragmentation is an example of isolation by barriers and/or distance, meaning no reproductive exchange occurs due to being isolated geographic physical barriers such as an island, borders or fences etc.
Population killed by a natural disaster is an example of isolation due to an event. Killing by a natural disaster could cause the remaining percentage of species to isolate themselves and reproduce on their own so as to repopulate. An earth quake can cause land to separate and cause physical barriers leading to geographical isolation.
They can cause the deprivation of nutrients, fluids, and metabolites. this may also cause pathological effects in their hosts such as pathogenic effects.
