The fourth alternative is correct (D).
Countries know that their monetary system is derived from gold and silver.
In the old days, the coin was backed by some precious metal, usually gold. Thus, for a country to issue money, it was necessary to increase its amount of gold.
However, gold is a scarce natural resource. Thus, with the development of the global financial system and the implementation of central banks, countries have adopted fiduciary money. This means that a country has autonomy to create currency, but that can not be done in a discretionary way. , at risk of causing inflationary crises. For this, the modern central banks have control department.
