Excise taxis are general revenue tax levied at the moment of manufacture, instead than on sale. Excise, while being referred to as taxis, fall more into the category of duty. An excise tax is considered an indirect tax. Examples of excise taxis are taxes on tobacco or alcohol.
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The two main sources of income for the federal government are incoming taxes paid by individuals, which constitutes nearly a half of the federal government raises, and then comes payroll taxes paid by workers, and employers, which constitute more than a third of the federal government raises.
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<span>The government spends the nondefense discretionary part of the federal budget to fund programs that are non-mandatory, or that are not previously authorized by Acts of Congress. Examples of nondefense discretionary are Education, environmental budget, and other agencies.</span>
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<span>Entitlements are programs like Medicare and Social Security, that are “mandatory”, programs that are typically approved by previous Acts of Congress. In this case, the Congress could modify the scale of entitlements, thus how much it is spent on a singular program.</span>
1. New producers entering the market. (More businesses producing a product or service will mean a greater supply of that product or service.)
2. Government taxes and subsidies. (High taxes on a product may discourage suppliers, whereas government subsidies will encourage more of the product to be supplied. A recent example was government subsidy for the production of ethanol, which caused a strong increase in ethanol production and supplies.)
4. Cost of the product or services. (High input costs to provide the product or service will tend to decrease supply, as profit margins for producers are affected.)
5. Future expectation of prices. This one is tricky to call a "non-price determinant," but it's not a current, actual price. It's the anticipation that prices and sales will be strong at some future point. So, for instance, if there is an expectation that flying cars (or personal helicopters) will someday be a high-demand item that will sell for high prices, that will spur development and supply of such an item.
<em>The only one I left out was #3, effect of mass media advertising -- because that is something that is a determinant of demand rather than supply.</em>
