Answer:
The discipline is economics.
Historial context: the discipline emerged in the nineteenth century, and is one of the youngest scientific disciplines. Important economists are: Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Karl Marx, John Maynard Keynes, Paul Samuelson, Milton Friedman, and Paul Krugman.
Social context: economists study social phenomena from an economic perspective. Their work has been crucial in many situations: like economic depressions and wars.
Professional context: economists can work in the private and public sector. Their job is similar in both spheres: analyze economic reality to produce better result for either the private firm or the public government.
Ethical context: economists should strive for what is best for society as a whole, although what is "best" is difficult to determine.
Legal context: economists often deal with legal issues because of the social nature of their work. In fact, economics and law are disciplines that have found common ground in some fields, like public choice or behavioral economics.
Identify a problem facing the world today and create a problem statement.
A problem is: what are the optimal rates of taxation, both on firms and individuals, that balance the need for economic growth at the same time that aim to reduce economic inequality.
