“Crime” is not a phenomenon that can be defined according to any objective set of criteria. Instead, what a particular state, legal regime, ruling class or collection of dominant social forces defines as “crime” in any specific society or historical period will reflect the political, economic and cultural interests of such forces. By extension, the interests of competing political, economic or cultural forces will be relegated to the status of “crime” and subject to repression,persecution and attempted subjugation. Those activities of an economic, cultural or martial nature that are categorized as “crime” by a particular system of power and subjugation will be those which advance the interests of the subjugated and undermine the interests of dominant forces. Conventional theories of criminology typically regard crime as the product of either “moral” failing on the part of persons labeled as “criminal,” genetic or biological predispositions towards criminality possessed by such persons, “social injustice” or“abuse” to which the criminal has previously been subjected, or some combination of these. (Agnew and Cullen, 2006) All of these theories for the most part regard the “criminal as deviant” perspective offered by established interests as inherently legitimate, though they may differ in their assessments concerning the matter of how such “deviants” should be handled. The principal weakness of such theories is their failure to differentiate the problem of anti-social or predatory individual behavior<span> per se</span><span> from the matter of “crime” as a political, legal, economic and cultural construct. All human groups, from organized religions to outlaw motorcycle clubs, typically maintain norms that disallow random or unprovoked aggression by individuals against other individuals within the group, and a system of penalties for violating group norms. Even states that have practiced genocide or aggressive war have simultaneously maintained legal prohibitions against “common” crimes. Clearly, this discredits the common view of the state’s apparatus of repression and control (so-called “criminal justice systems”) as having the protection of the lives, safety and property of innocents as its primary purpose.</span>
<span>The therapist is implementing the technique of aversive conditioning. This type of conditioning is characteristic of using a negative stimuli in order to dissuade someone from a negative behavior. Here, the negative or noxious stimuli is the nausea-inducing drug, and the negative behavior to be avoided is drinking alcohol.</span>
The answer is B. Structuralism
This school believes that the mind is divided into three
basic elements, namely: sensations, feelings and images. This idea allows
psychologist to study the interaction between the elements in order to create a
conscious experienced. This will allow the person to associate the elements to
one another and thus create a perception
Answer:
yes you are right its the Aryans
Explanation:
According to one theory by British archaeologist Mortimer Wheeler, a nomadic, Indo-European tribe, called the Aryans, suddenly overwhelmed and conquered the Indus River Valley.
<span>I believe the answer is: D. The space race
In the 1950s, United states and the soviet union are involved in a cold war due to the difference in their ideological system.
To prove to the rest of the world which country have the superior technological advancement, both countries involved in a space race to be the first one that place a man outside the planet earth.
To obtain the fund needed for the researches, governments in both countries obtain a loan from another countries and increase the national debt.</span>
