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On October 1, 2019, the People's Republic of China celebrated its 70th anniversary, and it really has something to celebrate: over the same stretch of the path, the country has gone from complete devastation to the status of the second state in the world. By the end of 1976, China was in a deep economic and socio-political crisis. The crisis was caused by the great-power militaristic course of Mao Zedong, the voluntarist policy of the “Great Leap Forward” and the Maoist “cultural revolution.” According to the Chinese press, 1966-1976 became the “lost decade,” which threw the country back, putting the national economy on the brink of collapse.
The basis for the practical development of Deng Xiaoping's reform ideas was the course of “four modernizations,” which was approved in the mid-70s, that pursued the goal of transformation in four areas - agriculture, industry, the army, science and technology. The policy of the “four modernizations” reflected the material content of the reform. The essence of the ideological and political line was represented by the “four basic principles”: the socialist path of development, the democratic dictatorship of the people, the leadership of the Communist Party, Marxism-Leninism and the ideas of Mao Zedong.
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