Answer:
a short-run decision because the number of aircraft is held constant while the labor input is changed.
Explanation:
In the short run, at least one variable or factor of production is fixed and cannot be changed. In the long run, all factors of production can be changed.
In this case, the number of aircraft is the fixed factor of production (capital) while labor is variable because more pilots can be hired. Regulation state that pilots must rest a certain amount of time in between flights, so if you want to increase the amount of flights you need to hire more pilots and cabin crews since regulations do not require planes to rest.
Answer: Option (A) is correct.
Explanation:
Correct Option: Normal profits because economic profits will attract new firms and there are no entry restrictions.
In a monopolistically competitive market, firms will earn an economic profit in the short run, so new firms attracted with these profits and decided to enter into the market in the long run.
There is no barriers on entry and exit of the firms in the monopolistically competitive market. When new firms enters into the market, as a result supply of differentiated products increases.
This causes the firm's market demand curve to shift leftwards. It will continue shifting to the left in the firm market demand curve till the point where it is nearly tangent to the average total cost curve.
At this point, firms earns zero normal profit and can earn normal profits in the long run same as a perfectly competitive firm.
Answer:
Consider the following explanation.
Explanation:
The six different strategies (spreads or combinations) the investor can follow:
1)short Butterfly spread: it’s a spread with selling one call option with the lowest strike price(XL),purchasing two call options with the medium strike price(XM) and selling one call option with the highest strike price (XH) , XL<XM<XH. The strike price (XM) is generally chosen such that its equal to the stock price and options are of same maturity. The strategy shall generate the net income from the selling of calls when the stock price deviated from the strike price XM due to the high volatility. A high jump either way guarantees a net income.
2) The Straddle combination with long one put and long 1 call with the same strike price X and maturity. Its payoff depends on the deviation of the strike price if the big jump either way is expected then either the put or the call expires in the money so that the moneyness(payoffs) covers all the premiums paid for the call and put and there are profits. The high jump either way guarantees a big payoff from either the put or the call.
3)In the Strangle combination there is one long call with strike price (Xc) and one long put with strike price Xp,this combination is cheaper to generate due to purchase of OTM(out of the money) options. If the big jump either way is expected then either the put or the call expires in the money so that the moneyness (payoffs) covers all the premiums paid for the call and put and there are profits. The high jump either way guarantees a big payoff from either the put or the call. It’s easier to cover all the lesser premiums paid for the call and put and generate profits with a big move.
4) The Strip combination consists of 1 call+2 put with same exercise price and maturity. If the big jump either way is expected then either the two put or the call expires in the money so that the moneyness covers all the premiums paid for the call and put and there are profits. The payoff generated by the 2 puts is much more when the stock moves downwards as compared to when the stock moves upwards. Investor is sure of the uncertain directional big jump but thinks that the probability of downward move is greater than the upward move.
5) The Strap combination consists of 2 calls+1 put with same exercise price and maturity. If the big jump either way is expected then either the 1 put or the 2 calls expires in the money so that the moneyness covers all the premiums paid for the call and put and there are profits. The payoff generated by the 2 calls is much more when the stock moves upwards as compared to when the stock moves downwards. Investor is sure of the uncertain directional big jump but thinks that the probability of upward move is greater than the downward move.
6) Short Calendar spread: short shorter term call and at the same time short longer term call therefore the income is generated by the big move from the premiums of the calls and differences in the maturity.
It would be an example of<u> "allopatric speciation".</u>
Allopatric speciation will be speciation that happens when two populaces of similar species end up confined from each other because of geographic changes. Speciation is a slow procedure by which populaces advance into various species. An animal types is itself characterized as a populace that can interbreed, so amid speciation, individuals from a populace shape at least two particular populaces that can never again breed with each other.
Answer:
The fact that in a purely competitive industry there are neither barriers to entry nor barriers to exit is what makes economic profit, in this type of industry, impossible in the long-run.
This is because when there is economic profit in the industry, firms are lured to enter, saturating the market, and lowering economic profit to zero in the process. When this happens, some firms opt out of the industry, bringing economic profit back to positive territory, causing the cycle to repeat itself.
