Question

According to _________, the typical perspective held by managers is that employees dislike work, must be monitored, and can be motivated only with rewards and punishment ("carrots and sticks").

Answer 1

According to  Theory X, the typical perspective held by managers is that employees dislike work, must be monitored, and can be motivated only with rewards and punishment.

Explanation:

A psychologist named Douglas McGregor was the one who developed the concepts of Theory X and Theory Y .These includes a set of assumptions that are considered by the mangers to judge about the people. The assumptions like, dislike, unwillingness in working and little ambition are included in Theory X.

Theory X also have assumptions that employees are lazy, will be doing any of the things for the purpose of avoiding work and also will be unmotivated.In contrast to it, Theory Y assumes that the employees will be happy in working, and also will like to have additional duties without forcing them to do.