There are 4 stages in mitosis
A geneticist describes the phenotype of an individual with the alleles dd as homo-zygous recessive. In heterozygous individuals, it is masked by the dominant allele.
<h3>Dominant and recessive alleles</h3>
In diploid organisms, an individual receives two gene forms or 'alleles' for the same gene locus.
An individual is heterozygous when receives two different alleles for the same gene locus, whereas an individual is homo-zygous when receives the same alleles for a gene locus.
In cases of complete dominance, the dominant allele completely masks the recessive allele in heterozygous individuals.
Learn more about recessive alleles here:
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Erosion shapes. Lowest level directs.
<h2>Functions of plasmodesmata</h2>
Explanation:
- They allow the movement of cells to cells for cytoplasmic connection between different cells
- Plant cells, encompassed as they are by cell dividers, don't get in touch with each other through wide stretches of plasma film the manner in which creature cells can. Be that as it may, they do have particular intersections called plasmodesmata (solitary, plasmodesma), places where a gap is punched in the phone divider to permit direct cytoplasmic trade between two cells.
- Plasmodesmata are fixed with plasma film that is consistent with the layers of the two cells. Each plasmodesma has a string of cytoplasm stretching out through it, containing a much more slender string of endoplasmic reticulum.
- Particles beneath a specific size (the size rejection limit) move unreservedly through the plasmodesmal channel by latent dissemination. The size avoidance limit changes among plants, and even among cell types inside a plant. Plasmodesmata may specifically enlarge (extend) to permit the section of certain huge atoms, for example, proteins, in spite of the fact that this procedure is inadequately comprehended.
Answer:
Average max. elongation rate = modified RNA pol./ wild type RNA pol = 2/12 = 0.166 nucleotides per sec.
Explanation:
After treating the wild type and experimental RNA with amanitin solution, the amanitin actively binds to the active site of wild type RNA polymerase, inhibiting addition of nucleotides and also it interferes with the motility of RNA pol. along the DNA template, due to which their is a sharp decline in maximum elongation rate of mRNA. In case of experimental RNA polymerase, due to single base substitution the experimental strain is already having very low elongation rate, but binding of amanitin causes constraint on the motility of RNA polymerase through the DNA template, thereby decreasing the elongation rate. Average max. elongation rate = modified RNA pol./ wild type RNA pol = 2/12 = 0.166 nucleotides per sec.
