The best answer is B - Proteins.
Proteins make up enzymes, or to put it another way enzymes are made up of protein. It is enzymes that speed up the chemical reactions. Enzymes are organic catalysts, substances that speed up a (biochemical) reaction but do not take part in the reaction and remain unchanged at the end of the reaction.
In man, there are many enzymes. The majority of these are found in the digestive system where they greatly aid the process of food breakdown from complex molecules to simple molecules. Examples include salivary amylase found in saliva, which begins the gradual breaking down of starch into glucose right from the moment food is placed in the mouth and mixed with saliva. Pepsin in the stomach breaks down protein.
Answer:
In hypertonic solutions, the cells will shrink and in hypotonic solutions the cells will fill up
Cells with cell walls will be able to control their tonicity better than cells without cell walls.
Explanation:
Cells with cell walls
- In a hypertonic solution (high solute concentration), water will flow out of the cell into the solution until equilibrium is reached. If the solution has a high concentration of solute the cell may undergo<u> plasmolysis where the plasma membrane detaches from the cell wall.</u>
- In a hypotonic solution: Water will flow into the cell because it has a higher solute concentration compared to the solution. This will continue until the cell is <u>turgid</u>. If more water continues to enter the cell, the cell is at risk of bursting, this takes a while because the cell wall will withstand the pressure.
Cells without cell walls
- In a hypertonic solution: Water will diffuse out of the cell, however there is no cell wall so cell is in danger of shrinking and dying.
- In hypotonic solution: Water will diffuse into cell,the cell will become turgid and if water keeps moving in the cell will burst because it has no cell wall to resist the pressure.
Answer:
no
Explanation:
because there might be a living organism not made of cells
Yes. Absolutely. Without heart, no one can live. It helps in pumping of oxygen rich blood to all body cells and tissues. It also helps in transportation of various materials like potassium, sodium, calcium etc. in our body. The main function is that it helps in excretion of wastes.
Since blood is liquid and heart pumps it, the waste materials like CO2, gets diffused and becomes impure blood. Then it is taken to lungs for purification and again reused.
So, heart actually helps us indirectly in many ways.
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Answer: N-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP)
Explanation:
Protein synthesis takes place in ribosomes located in the cell cytoplasm, in which amino acids are transported by transfer RNA corresponding to each amino acid to the messenger RNA where they bind in the appropriate position to form new proteins. <u>The messenger RNA has a sequence of nucleotides that are translated into protein, as each codon (set of three amino acids) codes for one amino acid</u>.
Genes are the storage units of genetic information, so they are segments of DNA that contain the information on how the cells of the organism should function. Each gene codes for a protein, so if a gene is damaged or absent, the protein will not be obtained. In this case, mutant cells with a deleted gene, will round up and wont form their normal appendages. This mutation can be rescued or repaired with a gene that encodes an N-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion of the protein. The N-terminal end is the amino-terminal end and it refers to the end of a protein that ends with an amino acid that has a free amino group. The C-terminus or carboxyl-terminus is the end of a protein that ends in a carboxyl group. The convention for writing peptides is to place the C-terminal end to the right and write the sequence from the N- to the C-terminal end. So, when an N-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion of the protein is expressed, the gene will produce the protein with a GFP tag.
<u>GFP is Green Fluorescent Protein</u>, and it is a protein produced by the jellyfish <em>Aequorea victoria</em> t<u>hat emits bioluminescence in the green region of the visible spectrum</u>. When a gene is fused to another gene (at either the N- or C-terminus, although in this case it is the N-terminus), the entire messenger RNA is translated together as if it were a single fused protein. <u>Thereby, since the protein will be produce with a GFP tag, it can be seen under the microscope and it will be apropiate to use in studying cellular localization and activity.</u>
There are some considerations that this problem does not question, such as that there must be a start codon for protein synthesis and a stop codon, and this stop codon must not be in the middle of the gene or between the gene and the GFP tag.
