The answer to the last question is 3. icy. The y ending sounds exactly like the y ending of funny. Good luck.
It gave empires new technologies and attracted more people
One of the main ways in which economic opportunity divided urban and rural dwellers is that those who could afford to live in the suburbs usually chose to do so, while low-income people who had to work lesser-paying jobs were usually confined to the cities.
A monarch is a religious head of state, and a king is a male monarch who rules a country.