Answer:
cloning
Explanation:
one of the most controversial uses of genetic engineering has been cloning, or producing a genetically identical copy of organism. while the ethics of cloning are hotly debated, the 1st ever sheep was cloned in 1996 by scientists.
Answer:
Combined decrease in sarcomere length.
Explanation:
Sarcomere is the functional unit of the striated muscle tissue. The units get repeated between the two Z lines. The striation under the microscope is shown by the sarcomere.
Actin and myosin protein plays an important role in the muscle contraction. The individual length of the thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filament do not changes and slide over one other. But the sarcomere overall length decreases that result in muscle contraction.
Thus, the answer is combined decrease in sarcomere length.
The correct answer is indicator species.
The obligate aerobes need oxygen for their survival, while the obligate anaerobes do not. The obligate aerobes are the species that attain the energy for the process of aerobic respiration with the help of oxygen as the ultimate electron acceptor for the electron transport chain.
On the other hand, obligate anaerobes are the species, which get poisoned by the usual levels of atmospheric oxygen, and thus, get killed in the existence of oxygen.
Answer:
Neurons, as with other excitable cells in the body, have two major physiological properties: irritability and conductivity. A neuron has a positive charge on the outer surface of the cell membrane due in part to the action of an active transport system called the sodium potassium pump. This system moves sodium (Na+) out of the cell and potassium (K+) into the cell. The inside of the cell membrane is negative, not only due to the active transport system but also because of intracellular proteins, which remain negative due to the intracellular pH and keep the inside of the cell membrane negative.
Explanation:
Neurons are cells with the capacity to transmit information between one another and also with other tissues in the body. This information is transmitted thanks to the release of substances called <em>neurotransmitters</em>, and this transmission is possible due to the <em>electrical properties </em>of the neurons.
For the neurons (and other excitable cells, such as cardiac muscle cells) to be capable of conducting the changes in their membranes' voltages, they need to have a<em> resting membrane potential</em>, which consists of a specific voltage that is given because of the electrical nature of both the inside and the outside of the cell. <u>The inside of the cell is negatively charged, while the outside is positively charged</u> - this is what generates the resting membrane potential. When the membrane voltage changes because the inside of the cell is becoming less negative, the neuron is being excited and - if this excitation reaches a threshold - an action potential will be fired. But how does the voltage changes? This happens because the distribution of ions in the intracellular and extracellular fluids is very dissimilar and when the sodium channels in the cell membrane are opened (because of an external stimulus), sodium enters the cell rapidly to balance out the difference in this ion concentration. The sudden influx of this positively-charged ion is what makes the inside of the neuron become less negative. This event is called <em>depolarization of the membrane</em>.
