<span>Amino acids are the basic structural unit of all proteins. A 'free' amino acid (a single amino acid) always has:
an amino group -NH2,
a carboxyl group -COOH
a hydrogen -H
a chemical group or side chain -"R".
Since the amino acids (except glycine) have 4 different groups attached to the a-carbon, they are optically active stereoisomers (recall 23.101 Organic Chemistry) although only L-isomers are found in proteins.
At a neutral pH, both the amino and the carboxyl groups are ionised, giving what is termed the zwitterionic</span>
<span>Ethology is a branch of zoology concerned with the study of animal behavior. Ethologists take a comparative approach, studying behaviors ranging from kinship, cooperation, and parental investment, to conflict, sexual selection, and aggression across a variety of species.</span>
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